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Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry was a dominant and forceful monarch. He is known for his six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled. His disagreement with Pope Clement VII about such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated by the pope.

Born in Greenwich, Henry brought radical changes to the Constitution of England, expanding royal power and ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings in opposition to papal supremacy. He frequently used charges of treason and heresy to quell dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial using bills of attainder. He achieved many of his political aims through his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer all figured prominently in his administration.

Henry was an extravagant spender, using proceeds from the dissolution of the monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament. He converted money that was formerly paid to Rome into royal revenue. Despite the money from these sources, he was often on the verge of financial ruin due to personal extravagance and costly and largely unproductive wars, particularly with King Francis I of France, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King James V of Scotland, and the Scottish regency under the Earl of Arran and Mary of Guise. He founded the Royal Navy, oversaw the annexation of Wales to England with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, and was the first English monarch to rule as King of Ireland following the Crown of Ireland Act 1542.

Henry's contemporaries considered him an attractive, educated, and accomplished king. He has been described as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne" and his reign described as the "most important" in English history. He was an author and composer. As he aged, he became severely overweight and his health suffered, and was frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, paranoid, and tyrannical monarch. He longed for a son and heir, which he finally received from his third marriage to Jane Seymour. Jane's son succeeded Henry as Edward VI. Nonetheless, his daughters by his first and second wives acceded to the throne in turn as Mary I and Elizabeth I.

Катери́на Араго́нська (ісп. Catalina de Aragón, кат. Caterina d'Aragó, англ. Catherine of Aragon; 16 грудня 1485(14851216) — 7 січня 1536) — королева Англії. Інфанта, донька короля Арагону Фернандо II та королеви Кастилії Ізабелли. Для зміцнення союзу Іспанії з Англією видана в шлюб з Артуром, принцом Уельським, старшим сином англійського короля Генріха VII. Після його смерті видана в шлюб з його молодшим братом Генріхом VIII. Народила Марію І Тюдор, майбутню англійську королеву, відому як «Кривава Мері». Але через відсутність здорових синів після понад 20 років шлюбу Генріх VIII з нею розлучився. Відмова Папи Римського Климента VII анулювати законний шлюб стала головною причиною розриву Англії з Римсько-католицькою церквою і дала поштовх виникненню англіканства.

А́нна Боле́йн (англ. Anne Boleyn, інколи англ. Anne Bullen; 1501 або 1507 — 19 травня 1536)— королева-консорт Англії (з 29 травня 1533 по 17 травня 1536). Друга дружина Генріха VIII (з 25 січня 1533), мати Єлизавети I. Анна Болейн була ключовою фігурою в політичних і релігійних потрясіннях, які ознаменували початок Англійської реформації.

Після сфабрикованих обвинувачень у подружній зраді та в спробі замаху на короля засуджена і страчена у віці 29 або 35 років.

Джейн Се́ймур (англ. Jane Seymour; 1508 — 24 жовтня 1537) — королева Англії, третя (після Анни Болейн) дружина короля Англії Генріха VIII, мати Едварда VI.

Анна Клевська (англ. Anne of Cleves; 22 вересня 1515 — 16 липня 1557) — королева-консорт Англії, четверта дружина Генріха VIII, донька герцога Клевського.

Катерина Говард (англ. Catherine Howard; 1520/1525 — 13 лютого, 1542) — королева Англії, п'ята дружина короля Англії Генріха VIII. Страчена за звинуваченням у подружній зраді.

Catherine Parr (c. July or August 1512 – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until Henry's death on 28 January 1547. Catherine was the final queen consort of the House of Tudor, and outlived Henry by a year and eight months. With four husbands, she is the most-married English queen consort. She was the first woman in England to publish in print an original work under her own name in the English language.

Catherine enjoyed a close relationship with Henry's three children, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward. She was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth and Edward. She was influential in Henry's passing of the Third Succession Act in 1543 that restored his daughters Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession to the throne. Catherine was appointed regent from July to September 1544 while Henry was on a military campaign in France; in the event that he lost his life, she was to rule as regent until Edward came of age. However, he did not give her any function in government in his will.

On account of her Protestant sympathies, she provoked the enmity of anti-Protestant officials, who sought to turn the King against her; a warrant for her arrest was drawn up, probably in the spring of 1546. However, she and the king soon reconciled.

On 25 April 1544, Catherine published her first book, Psalms or Prayers, anonymously. Her book Prayers or Meditations became the first original book published by an English queen under her own name on 2 June 1545. She published a third book, The Lamentation of a Sinner, on 5 November 1547, nine months after the death of King Henry VIII.

After Henry's death on 28 January 1547, Catherine was allowed as queen dowager to keep the queen's jewels and dresses. She assumed the role of guardian to her stepdaughter Elizabeth, and took Henry's great-niece Lady Jane Grey into her household. About six months after Henry's death, she married her fourth and final husband, Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. The marriage was short-lived, as she died on 5 September 1548 due to complications of childbirth. Her funeral, held on 7 September 1548, was the first Protestant funeral in England, Scotland or Ireland to be held in English.