Хто одружився на Нельсон Мандела?

Не́льсон Манде́ла (Нельсон Роліглагла Мандела; афр. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 липня 1918(19180718), Мвезо, Південно-Африканський Союз — 5 грудня 2013, Йоганнесбург, Південно-Африканська Республіка) — південноафриканський правозахисник, політик та юрист, президент Південно-Африканської республіки з 1994 по 1999 рік, президент Африканського Національного Конгресу з 1991 по 1997 рік. Національний герой країни.

Народився в королівській родині Тембо з коса в Мвезо, регіоні Південної Африки. Вивчав закон в університеті Форт-Гейр та Вітватерсрандському університеті перш ніж почав працювати юристом в Йоганнесбурзі. Нельсон Мандела був першим президентом Південно-Африканської республіки, обраним на повністю демократичних, не сфальсифікованих виборах. Перший темношкірий президент ПАР. До свого президентства був видатним борцем з апартеїдом і лідером Африканського Національного Конгресу (АНК). Був засуджений і ув'язнений за участь у підпільній збройній боротьбі. Збройний опір був останнім дієвим на той час засобом; пізніше Мандела був стійким прибічником мирного шляху. Протягом цього 27-річного ув'язнення, більшість якого проведено в камері на острові Роббен, Мандела став найвідомішою фігурою у боротьбі з південноафриканським апартеїдом. Попри те, що режим апартеїду і прихильна до нього нація вважали Манделу та АНК комуністами і терористами, збройна боротьба була лише невіддільною складовою загальної боротьби з апартеїдом. Зміни в політиці в бік примирення, які Мандела провадив аж до свого звільнення у 1990 році, полегшили мирний перехід до повної демократії у ПАР.

Про своє життя написав автобіографічну книгу «Довгий шлях до свободи» (у 2014 році вийшла українською у «Нашому Форматі»).

Мандела був суперечливою постаттю. Попри критику, в якій його засуждували як коммуністичного терориста, він здобув народне визнання за свій активізм. Глобально Манделу розглядають як ікону демократії та соціальної справедливості. Здобув більш ніж 250 почесних нагород, враховуючи Нобелівську Премію миру.

Evelyn Ntoko Mase (18 May 1922 – 30 April 2004), later named Evelyn Rakeepile, was the first wife of the South African anti-apartheid activist and the future president Nelson Mandela, to whom she was married from 1944 to 1958. Mase was a nurse by profession.

Born in Engcobo, Transkei, Mase was orphaned as a child. She moved to Johannesburg to train as a nurse, and there met and married Mandela. Living together in Soweto, they raised four children, three of whom—Thembekile, Makgatho, and Makaziwe—survived into adulthood. She trained to be a midwife while working as a nurse. In the 1950s, her relationship with Mandela became strained. He was becoming increasingly involved in the African National Congress and its campaign against apartheid; Mase eschewed politics and became a Jehovah's Witness. She also accused him of adultery with several women, an accusation corroborated by later biographies, and of being physically abusive, something he always denied. They separated in 1956. She initially filed for divorce, but did not go through with the legal proceedings. In 1958, Mandela, who was hoping to marry Winnie Madikizela, obtained an uncontested divorce from Mase.

Taking the children, Mase moved to Cofimvaba and opened a grocery store. She generally avoided publicity, but spoke to South African reporters when Mandela was released from prison after 27 years in 1990. Deepening her involvement with the Jehovah's Witnesses, in 1998 she married a businessman, Simon Rakeepile. She died in 2004 following a respiratory illness. Her funeral attracted international media attention and was attended by Mandela, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, and Mandela's third wife, Graça Machel.

Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936 – 2 April 2018), also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African politician, anti-apartheid activist, second wife of Nelson Mandela. During her political career, she served as a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2003, and from 2009 until her death, and was a deputy minister of arts and culture from 1994 to 1996. A member of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on the ANC's National Executive Committee and headed its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was known to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".

Born to a Xhosa royal family in Bizana, and a qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg in 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children together. In 1963, after Mandela was imprisoned following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. During that period, she rose to prominence within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state security services on various occasions, tortured, subjected to banning orders, and banished to a rural town, and she spent several months in solitary confinement.

In the mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign of terror", and was "at the centre of an orgy of violence" in Soweto, which led to condemnation by the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, and a rebuke by the ANC in exile. During this period, her home was burned down by residents of Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the gross violations of human rights committed by the Mandela United Football Club", her security detail. Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and apartheid government collaborators, and her security detail carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder, most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei whose kidnapping she was convicted of.

Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later. Her biography Winnie Mandela: A life was written by Anné Mariè du Preez Bezdrob and published in 2003.

Graça Machel (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾasɐ mɐˈʃɛl]; née Simbine [sĩˈbinɨ]; born 17 October 1945) is a Mozambican politician and humanitarian. Machel is an international advocate for women's and children's rights and was made an honorary Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997 for her humanitarian work. She is the only woman in modern history to have served as First Lady of two countries: South Africa and Mozambique. She is the widow of former President of Mozambique Samora Machel (1975–1986) and former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela (1998–2013).

Graça Machel is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As a panel member, she facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, and convenes decision-makers to influence policy for lasting change in Africa.

She was chancellor of the University of Cape Town between 1999 and 2019.